It has a density of 1.325 g/m. report, Lab Report: Extraction of Caffeine from Tea Bags. By clicking Accept All Cookies, you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts. We use cookies to give you the best experience possible. Get your copy of the Energy Drink Report Card at . If the emulsion persists seek your instructors help. The Youth to the People 15% Vitamin C + Clean Caffeine Energy Serum uses caffeine derived from yerba mate and guayusa plus a clinical dose of another one of Nussbaum's favorite ingredients15% vitamin C to brighten and tighten skin. Open the tea bags and weigh the contents. A second objective for this lab is to allow students to practice experimental design. While it's not a serum, the dermatologist and ophthalmologist-developed caffeine eye cream from eye brand Lumify is one that Nussbaum stands behind. Further purification by sublimation results in white crystals of caffeine. The weight of the round-bottom flask with the green residue was 54. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. 1. This product has NO safety seal. Caffeine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant.It is in the methylxanthine class. Sodium carbonate is basic, The results of the extraction of caffeine from tea lab report showed that caffeine can be successfully extracted from tea leaves using water as the solvent. Rasa Caffeine Detox Kit Review 2023 - Daily Beast Gen Z, millennials taking 'Diet Coke breaks' to escape work | Fortune Correct writing styles (it is advised to use correct citations) This second crop can also be collected by vacuum filtration but keep it separate from the first crop. When dichloromethane was added, two layers formed: an organic and aqueous layer. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. Cellulose performs a function in plants similar to that of fibrous for 10 minutes. A single black teabag contains 45 mg of caffeine. disadvantage in converting the tannins to their salts they become anionic surfactants. The sublimation will be performed as described by your instructor. So, we will add sodium This new feature enables different reading modes for our document viewer.By default we've enabled the "Distraction-Free" mode, but you can change it back to "Regular", using this dropdown. The solution was placed in an ice bath. is toxic, an irritant, absorbed through the skin, and harmful if swallowed. purity. Add a few drops of petroleum ether until you reach the cloud point (caffeine is less soluble in this mixed solvent and is just beginning to precipitate) and then cool the solution. separate inorganic from organic compounds since organic substances are immiscible in water. An xZ[o~7/z].oAQ qE>}eJ /*Igf+s%.%#l;\ob-{O>[nGve_EES3}$XVOXr_* In this experiment, caffeine is isolated from tea. Although we had a crystalline caffeine substance before, we had to recrystallize it in order to remove the impurities (that caused it to have a green tinge to it rather than pure white). This will help you determine how well your procedure worked. Caffeine bear guzzles nearly 70 cans of soda, stops short when he tries In book: Comprehensive Organic Chemistry Experiments for the Laboratory Classroom (pp.p. : an American History (Eric Foner), Campbell Biology (Jane B. Reece; Lisa A. Urry; Michael L. Cain; Steven A. Wasserman; Peter V. Minorsky), Civilization and its Discontents (Sigmund Freud), Principles of Environmental Science (William P. Cunningham; Mary Ann Cunningham), EXPERIMENT 3_Extraction of Caffeine from tea, Cyclohexanol from Cyclohexanone Lab Report, REPORT FOR EXPERIMENT # 7: EXTRACTION OF CAFFEINE FROM TEA, Recrystallization Lab report (Madison Tippett). <> PDF Caffeine Extraction Objective - University of Connecticut Weigh the total contents to the nearest Complete any post-lab questions. The organic layer is more dense than the brown layer containing the impurities, causing the brown layer to be on top and the clear layer to be on the bottom easily extracted from the separatory funnel. %PDF-1.5 % water with dichloromethane (methylene chloride), which is an organic solvent that is insoluble in Registration number: 7252303643 Choose skilled expert on your subject and get original paper with free plagiarism laboratory techniques, including extraction, filtration, drying of solvent, and solvent density (d= 1 g/mL) and should be added after the hot extract is cooled to * stream Purification of Caffeine: The solid that remains after the solvent has evaporated contains caffeine and several other compounds. Extraction is a method used for the separation of organic compounds from a mixture of compounds. Carefully use a pipette to remove the liquid. We independently evaluate all recommended products and services. Erlenmeyer flask. Buy It: L'Oreal Revitalift 2.5% Hyaluronic Acid + Caffeine Under Eye Serum, $33; amazon.com, ulta.com. Sometimes you want to isolate a single compound from the thousands that may be present. - Stirring Rod Wear gloves and wash your hands thoroughly after handling it. Extract the aqueous solution once again with a 35 mL of methylene chloride, repeating the steps above to collect the lower layer. Add 30 ml There are hazards associated with these and any chemicals used in a lab procedure. = .03 g / .25 g x 100 = 12 %. The reason why salt (NaCl) was added to the aqueous layer to help break up any emulsion is because a difference in solubility must occur to separate the tannins into the aqueous layer. Carefully press out as much filtrate as possible since the caffeine is in the aqueous layer. Calculation of % recovery of caffeine based on the amount of tea leaves used Acid Base Extraction Lab Report Conclusion - speakings.gestamp An additional 15mL of dichloromethane was added into the tea solution in the separatory funnel. Pharapreising and interpretation due to major educational standards released by a particular educational institution as well as tailored to your educational institution if different; Since caffeine is more soluble indichloromethane (140 mg/ml) than it is in water (22 mg/ml), it readily dissolves in thedichloromethane. endstream endobj 188 0 obj <>/Metadata 17 0 R/Pages 185 0 R/StructTreeRoot 41 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 189 0 obj <>/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 185 0 R/Resources<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 190 0 obj <>stream The weight of the round-bottom flask with the green residue was 54.060g. When the weighting of the ball flask occurred, an error was made since the first weight was more than the second one which had the green residue in the flask. But since some residual water still present with the caffeine sample, the caffeine sample obtained after the distillation process has finished was further placed in the oven to remove those residual water therefore allowing us to obtained the caffeine sample, in this case of this experiment 0.0352 g of caffeine was extracted from 1.79 g of tea bag. Place the beaker on a hot plate and different processes used in doing so. Stopper the funnel and grab the Abstract This part should be filled in after the completion of the experiment and analysis of all data. 40, loc. Boil the solution on a hot plate for 20 minutes with occasional stirring. 1. Buy It: The Ordinary Caffeine 5% + EGCG Depuffing Eye Serum, $9; sephora.com, ulta.com. Just talk to our smart assistant Amy and she'll connect you with the best Need a custom essay sample written specially to meet your that a pure sample of caffeine could be retrieved. of deionized water and 2 g of anhydrous sodium carbonate. An evaluation of the results you obtained: more specifically address identity, purity and The basic property of caffeine comes from the lone pair of electrons found around the nitrogen. (deprotonation of the -OH group) by reaction with sodium carbonate. We added several spoon fulls until the anhydrous calcium chloride pellets stopped clumping together. we want is an emulsion of the two. The health benefits of green tea are associated with its high catechin content. the dichloromethane was evaporated on a steam bath until a green residue formed in the This is why the tea was boiled Explanation of how this specific procedure allows for the extraction of caffeine Because of this, the sodium carbonate acts as a nucleophile and the Goli Energy Bites are made with caffeine, guarana extract, vitamins B6, B9, & B12 to help Support Cellular Energy Production, Support a Healthy Heart, Provide Essential Nutrients, Support a Healthy Nervous System, Support a Healthy Immune System and so much more. How to Extract Caffeine From Tea. Use hot water to extract the caffeine from the tea leaves. Singh BN, Shankar S, Srivastava RK. Combine the methylene chloride extracts and, if necessary, dry further with additional anhydrous magnesium sulphate. (PDF) ISOLATION OF CAFFEINE FROM TEA LEAVES. - ResearchGate Extraction of caffeine from tea leaves. Extraction of caffeine from Cool the solution to room temperature and pour it into a 500 mL separatory funnel. First, relieve the pressure buildup as soon as you mix the two liquids. Caffeine dissolves in the solvent, while most of the other compounds in the leaves do not. Extraction Of Caffeine From Tea - Lab Report [eljqxppwg741] We've already touched on the benefits caffeine products can offer skin, but is it safe to use? With a No. Because Dichloromethane is denser than water, it is located at the bottom of the separatory Next it was divided in 2 portions. the dry tea leaves. In this experiment, a solid-liquid extraction method was used first to extract the caffeine from the tea leaves/tea bags to by dissolving sodium carbonate in hot water and creating an aqueous sodium carbonate solvent. Marnie Nussbaum, MD, FAAD, a board-certified dermatologist in NYC, says that because skin absorbs caffeine quickly, it can work wonders on dark circles and puffy eyes. Using an analytical balance (there are several top loader balances in the lab across the hall which will quickly weigh to 0.0001 mg), weigh 50 mg of caffeine and 37 mg of salicylic acid (both can be plus or minus 1-2 mg) and dissolve them in 4 mL of toluene in a small 25 mL Erlenmeyer flask by warming on a steam bath. The anhydrous calcium chloride was then washed with dichloromethane and then placed on a hot plate to evaporate it. In this experiment we will extract caffeine from tea leaves while learning several new The hot solution is allowed to cool and the caffeine isthen extracted from the water with dichloromethane (methylene chloride), which is anorganic solvent that is insoluble in water. The mixture to hold the beaker and be very careful not to drop The objective of the experiment is to learn how to extract caffeine from tea, using basic organic chemistry techniques. Cross), Give Me Liberty! Cellular Adaptation, Injury, and Death Case Study JAN 18, Organizational Systems and Quality Leadership (NURS 4210), Operating Systems 1 (proctored course) (CS 2301), Web Programming 1 (proctored course) (CS 2205), Introduction to Health Psychology (PSYC1111), Anatomy & Physiology I With Lab (BIOS-251), Social Psychology and Cultural Applications (PSY-362), Professional Application in Service Learning I (LDR-461), Advanced Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions (NUR 4904), Principles Of Environmental Science (ENV 100), Operating Systems 2 (proctored course) (CS 3307), Comparative Programming Languages (CS 4402), Business Core Capstone: An Integrated Application (D083), Database Systems Design Implementation and Management 9th Edition Coronel Solution Manual, Chapter 1 - BANA 2081 - Lecture notes 1,2, Request for Approval to Conduct Research rev2017 Final c626 t2, English 123- 3-4 Assignment Submission- Annotating Your Sources, History 1301-Ch. Place 15 g of tea leaves, 5 g of calcium carbonate powder and 200 mL of water into a 600 mL beaker. It can also help . Apply twice a day for brighter, smoother skin. At this point, you may discard the tea leaves. The distribution coefficient (k) for caffeine in dichloromethane and water is 4. Add 2-propanol a drop at a time until the solid dissolves. This latest . Extraction of Caffeine from Tea Leaves Caffeine (CsH10N402) example of a class of . The layers were separated by draining the dichloromethane in a 50mL Erlenmeyer. Caffeine comes from a variety of plant sources like cocoa beans, tea leaves, and koala nuts. How to Extract Pure Caffeine From Coffee | Sciencing dana woods chathuri kombala chem 243a 29 september 2015 extraction of caffeine discussion the overall goal of this. Use the minimum amount required. 8XGtRa/R7epp{O*:ChBHH//bpD | bc,X$b From the calculations made we can conclude that it is more efficient to extract caffeine from tea using two extractions instead of just one large amount. In scientific studies, green tea is often prepared with deionized water. caffeine dissolve in the dichloromethane and the tannins remain in the water. varieties are also grown. 2. 00 Report Document Comments Please sign inor registerto post comments. . %%EOF Typology recommends allowing at least four weeks of continued use to see full results. How Quitting Caffeine Changed My Life [& Can Change Yours] Extraction of Caffeine from Tea Leaves Introduction Extraction is a common technique used in organic chemistry to separate or isolate a desired compound from a mixture. This powder is then mixed with a solvent, such as water, and the mixture is allowed to steep for a period of time. % RA:rMm2;'7`5rD1o|\>%,=.vl"Rb^cruxw^g3G[$oY6eXL^Z2F/lF?l'+,CoK7~38*ekf ];bk@w%FDF+U wG6 Lab Report - Extraction of Caffeine from Tea Extraction of Caffeine from Tea University New Mexico State University Course Organic Chemistry Ii (CHEM 314) 16 Documents Academic year:2019/2020 Uploaded byMelanie Figueroa Helpful? The L'Oreal Revitalift 2.5% Hyaluronic Acid + Caffeine Under Eye Serum combines 1% pure caffeine with one of Nussbaum's recommended ingredients: hyaluronic acid. The dichloromethane solution was then filtered into a clean Erlenmeyer flask using filter paper and a Hirsch funnel. Graduateway.com is owned and operated by MAGMA EUROPA S. z O.O. Detergents and soap are surfactants. In general, be aware the solvents are flammable and should be kept away from open flames. Solved Experiment 2 Isolation of Caffeine from Tea AIMS - Chegg Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. It allows students to apply their knowledge of chemical principles to a practical experiment, develop their laboratory skills, and understand the properties of caffeine. Two layers appeared, one the aqueous and one the organic layer. This means that we pulled out almost half of the caffeine in tea leaves. the process of caffeine extraction or caffeine separation is based on simple. We will be saving our extracted caffeine for next weeks lab, so extract carefully. It has a density of 1 g/m. 275 Report Document Comments Please sign inor registerto post comments. The organic layer which was in the 50mL Erlenmeyer was poured into the separatory funnel and 20mL of water were added. was left to cool to 55C. The solution was cooled and a vacuum filtration was done to remove the caffeine crystals. An explanation of solubility of caffeine in water vs dichloromethane, Your Results section should include : The caffeine content of tea leaves depends on the variety and where they were grown; most tea has 3-5% by weight. What happens when you get caffeine from coffee versus . The most common method of extracting caffeine from tea bags is by using a hot water extraction. Total water used = 275 mL. Because Dichloromethane is denser than water, it is located at the bottom of the separatory funnel. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. Fermented teas are % recovery! Using K after a single extraction using 30mL, 0.126g of caffeine is in the water and 0.174g is in the dichloromethane. The caffeine can then be extracted from the water by methylene chloride in almost pure form. . Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01. PDF Experiment 7a Extraction and Purification of Caffeine From Tealeaves Remember that dichloromethane has a low boiling point (40 0 C) and a high We can do this by How to Extract Caffeine From Tea - ThoughtCo The solution was left to sit Added 4.8g of Calcium Chloride and 125mL of water over the tea leaves. 4.6 = (17.8 100x) / (15x) X = 0.105g of caffeine in the water (0.178g 0.105g) = 0.073g in dichloromethane Total caffeine in dichloromethane is 0.195g. We rocked the separatory funnel several times and then extracted the dichloromethane from the funnel into a beaker, excluding the emulsion layer that had formed. If you remove the dichloromethane layer and evaporate the solvent, you will get slightly impure greenish-yellow crystalline caffeine. Extracting tea leaves with dichloromethane in the presence of calcium carbonate solution can isolate caffeine from tea leaves. The Ordinary Caffeine Serum uses a potent blend of 5% caffeine and EGCGEpigallocatechin gallate, a product derived from green tea that can help with inflammation. To use, apply one to two drops in the morning and evening. The methylene chloride solution will be stripped on a roto-evaporator. of Benzoic Acid 1 Documents Similar To Extraction of Benzoic Acid Lab Report Solvent Extraction Lab Report. Everything You Need to Know About Caffeine Serums - Verywell Health Add 5-8 mL of hot acetone to dissolve the crude caffeine and transfer the solution to a 50 mL Erlenmeyer flask for recrystallization. 54 paper filter and the vacuum filter apparatus the solution was purified. Extraction: Seal the flask and gently swirl it for 5-10 minutes to allow the solvent mixture to penetrate the leaves. requirements? PDF LABORATORY 6 Natural Product Chemistry: Isolation of Caffeine from Tea Lab Report: Extraction of Caffeine from Tea Bags - GraduateWay separatory funnel was inverted a few times and it was opened so the gases would escape. This material will clog. When dichloromethane was added, two layers formed: an organic and aqueous layer. Procedure excess water was removed. 4.) flask, funnel and filter paper). The green residue formed in the round-bottom flask. Nussbaum calls out other skincare powerhouses like niacinamide, vitamin C, and hyaluronic acid as other ingredients to keep in mind while shopping. from time to time using a glass stirring rod or microspatula. It is free of caffeine, dairy, nuts, or gluten. ThoughtCo. Repeat steps 5 through 7 using a second 10 ml portion of dichloromethane. The caffeine preferentially dissolves in dichloromethane, so if you swirl the solution and allow the solvent layers to separate. Save the purified caffeine in a sealed vial. Add 20 ml dichloromethane and 10 ml 0.2 M NaOH. Calculate the concentration of the caffeine in the beverage in units of mg of caffeine per fl. It is the most widely used "mind-altering drug" in the world, though it is considered safe and is mostly unregulated. The solution was placed in an ice bath. Youth to the People makes another similar productusing both caffeine and vitamin Cwith the added benefit of a peptide complex. The Ordinary Caffeine Solution 5% - amazon.com 1.) ;HTxtSF. Isolation of caffeine from tea leaves. and the organic layer was drained in the same 50mL Erlenmeyer used before. The idea in this experiment is to extract the water soluble materials in the tea leaves into hot Erlenmeyer flask to a 125 ml separatory By continuing well PDF Natural Product Chemistry: Isolation of Caffeine from Tea This herbal tea can help soothe an upset stomach, ease nausea, sore throat, cough, and motion sickness. the stopcock. Learn more about this feature in our knowledge base article Transcript of Liquid liquid Extraction of Benzoic Acid Conclusion Liquid liquid extraction Draw out all the detailed acid base reactions that takes place during each of the . 3. The most common method for purifying solid compounds is from recrystallization. Daily Routine Made Sweeter. When the weighting of the ball flask occurred, an error was made since the first weight After two extractions with 15mL each, 0.105g of caffeine is in the water and 0.195g is in the dichloromethane. We - Dichloromethane. Extraction of Caffeine From Tea Leaves Experiment Formal Report Jaylyn has been a part of the Dotdash Meredith team since May 2019. { "00:_Front_Matter" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "1:__Synthesis_of_Aspirin_(Experiment)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "2:__Synthesis_of_Acetaminophen_(Experiment)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "3:_Extraction_of_Caffeine_(Experiment)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "4:_Thin_Layer_Chromatography_(Experiment)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "5:_Synthesis_of_Isopentyl_Acetate_(Experiment)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "6:__Steam_Distillation_of_Methyl_Salicylate_Hydrolysis_of_an_Ester_(Experiment)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "7:_Distillation_of_a_Mixture_(Experiment)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "8:_Identification_of_Unknowns_(Experiment)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "9:_Multistep_Synthesis_(Experiment)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "zz:_Back_Matter" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, { Experiments : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Intermediate_Chemical_Experimentation : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Lab_I : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Lab_II : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Misc : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", The_Synthesis_and_Characterization_of_Carbonyl_Compounds : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, [ "article:topic", "caffeine", "showtoc:no", "license:ccbyncsa", "licenseversion:40" ], https://chem.libretexts.org/@app/auth/3/login?returnto=https%3A%2F%2Fchem.libretexts.org%2FAncillary_Materials%2FLaboratory_Experiments%2FWet_Lab_Experiments%2FOrganic_Chemistry_Labs%2FExperiments%2F3%253A_Extraction_of_Caffeine_(Experiment), \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\), 2: Synthesis of Acetaminophen (Experiment), 4: Thin Layer Chromatography (Experiment). <>>> Hyaluronic acid works to enhance moisture retention for more hydrated skin. An initial investigation into the quality of teas available in Australian supermarkets was conducted. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.org. hXmo6+"&@IA9Gm%w(K+ D/FnL3bX To perform a vacuum filtration 3. Alpecin C1 Caffeine Shampoo, 8.45 fl oz, Caffeine Shampoo Cleanses the The Dutch love their coffee - besides the fact that we're 5th on the top 10 coffee-consuming nations, over 70% is drinking coffee daily.For people that are drinking coffee, they are drinking an average of 4.1 cups per day.That's more like the 6-8 cups my colleagues are consuming!