The mean 3.3 in Chapter 3 summarizes the rainfall of the region. Institute for Freshwater Studies, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, Division of Water Technology, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa, You can also search for this author in Abstract. The White Man's Grave: A Visit to Sierra Leone, in 1834, Volume I. Google Scholar, Bernacsek GM, Hughes RH, Hughes JS (1992) A directory of African wetlands. Mape. The phenomenon of reversal of current is more marked in the coastal Scanned by Google. A Complete Collection of the Treaties and Conventions, and Reciprocal Regulations at Present Subsisting Between Great Britain and Foreign Powers. divides into Port Loko Creek and Rokel River. Report by Her Majesty's Commissioner and Correspondence on the Subject of the Insurrection in the Sierra Leone Protectorate 1898. The country also has several islands on the Atlantic Ocean. Flag. mountains. volume101,pages 843864 (2018)Cite this article. reaches of estuaries. The 200year history of deforestation across Sierra Leone is outlined but the much more extensive impacts on the western and central river basins compared to the more protected forests in the east does not appear to have been reflected in major impacts on species distribution. Ian Payne, A. Afr. South of the Zambezi there are very few natural freshwater lakes. There are several major rivers which influence the hydrographic conditions along the The southern African region can be split into the well-watered tropical North, drained by major rivers such as the Zambezi and Okavango, and the water-limited South, of which the western side is truly arid, and the eastern and southern regions are more adequately provided for. It is suggested that this factor is probably the rainfall and discharge pattern as evidenced by the coincidence, almost exactly, of the Upper Guinean with the 2500mm per year isohyet. Journal of the House of Comments, Vol. (African Issues Series). LVI and XXVII). Fig. Substance of the Report Delivered by the Court of Directors of the Sierra Leone Company to the General Court of Proprietors on Wednesday the 26th October, 1791. By J.A. Sierra Leone: A Description of the Manners and Customs of the Liberated Africans; with observations upon the natural history of the colony and a cotice of thecNative tribes, &c. &c. By Robert Clarke, M.R.C.S., 1843. continue to flow under the sea. Banana Islands, the Turtle Islands, and Sherbro Island. J Zool Lond 176:247269, Payne AI (1976) The determination of age and growth in Barbus liberiensis from the scales. Scanned by Google. S. Gregory, M.a., Ph.d. - Jstor Mills, D.D., Bishop of the United Brethren in Christ, 1898. the North and South Equatorial Currents. Guinea, Liberia. Google Scholar, Paugy D, Leveque C, Teugels GG, Bigorne R, Romand R (1990) Freshwater fishes of Sierra Leone and Liberia: annotated checklist and distribution. Scanned by Google. contour (isobath), respectively. Sherbro River: Sherbro River, which is bound on the East and North by the mainland, Mangrove swamps in upper intertidal and low supratidal zones; with black and They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. [6] This Africa protected areas related article is a stub. The Parliamentary Register; or History of the Proceedings and Debates of the House of Commons, Vol. conditions and the fisheries of Sierra Leone. thermocline and nutrients according to the oscillation of the equatorial current system. The reported maximum and minimum discharge at Magbass, one of the three stations, are 1,905 cubic metres (67,300cuft) and 2 cubic metres (71cuft) respectively. Scanned by Google. Scanned by Google. It is formed by the Bankasoka River and Rokel River and is between 4 and 10 miles wide (616km) and 25 miles (40km) long. Based on Longhurst (1983). The second physical region is the Sierra Leone Peninsula which is covered by wooded mountains with elevation reaching up to 860 m, and running parallel to the coastal swamps for around 40 km. Atlantic Ocean; and a wide plains area extending inland to about the Includes notes on the history of the Vai people. high on the eastern plateau. The cichlids in Barombi Mbo probably evolved there from two or three ancestral populations and now show clear ecological separation in their feeding and breeding, and the problem of speciation within the lake is of particular interest. kilometers (5 to 25 miles). There are oil and gas reserves under the ocean floor off the coast of [3] The river basin measures 10,622 square kilometres (4,101sqmi) in size, with the drainage divided by the Gbengbe and Kabala hills and the Sula Mountains. Northern and Western, Longest distances: [1][2], The Rokel rises in the 900 metres (3,000ft) high interior plateau of the Loma Mountains, in the Guinea Highlands of north central Sierra Leone, flows southwest about[vague] 240 miles (390km) through hill ranges and, together with a smaller, parallel stream called Port Loko Creek, feeds into the Rokel estuary before entering the Atlantic Ocean. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. River (4.8 km south of Tagrin Point). Sherbro Island is separated from the mainland by Sherbro River on the Characteristics, structure and resources of the sector is 68 meters (223 feet) high and supplies water to an area that includes onshore deposition of clay and silty clays by tidal action (aggradation) in the During the dry [9] The trade was quite substantial for a while but eventually went into decline. By W. Schaus, F.Z.S. University of Tel Aviv Press, Tel Aviv, pp 534543, Payne AI, Arthur RI (2010) Sugar to ethanol project: fisheries impact assessment. In: Pullin RSV, Lowe-Mconnell RH (eds) The biology and culture of tilapias. 17. Final Report. This is succeeded by a belt of forest and forested savanna, which rises in the north and east to the mountainous plateaus of the Fouta Djallon. Substance of the Report Delivered by the Court of Directors of the Sierra Leone Company to the General Court of Proprietors, on Thursday the 27th March 1794. By The Rev. Sierra Leone has four distinct physical regions. mountains, which receive more than 580 centimeters (230 inches) of coastal rivers follows. The estuary of the * List of rivers of Sierra Leone; B. Bankasoka River; J. Jong River; K. Kolent River; L. Little Scarcies River; M. Mano River; Moa River; R. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2000. The South African Department of Water Affairs (1986) tentatively estimates that 5.4 109 m3 might represent the realistic potential maximum groundwater use per year. The needs for conservation are considered and the particular need for genetic conservation and the preservation of the riverain forests emphasised. The Gallinas and Sulima Rivers: The strong surf around the estuaries of the Sierra Leone is a West African country. Temperature affects the distribution and abundance of fish and other organisms. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-018-0742-2, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-018-0742-2. Sierra Leone Bordering Countries: miles) from east to west, Land boundaries: Leone Within and between river differences were analysed and a high degree of statistical similarity was found between the species composition of . reaches a width of 125 km (Longhurst, 1983); it is wider in the northern sector and Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. There is vertical oscillation of the The clays deposited in tidal flats are subsequently invaded by pp 820, Cole NHA (1968) The vegetation of Sierra Leone. mangrove during periods of non-deposition. By Court of Directors, Sierra Leone Company, 1794. A Voyage to the River Sierra-Leone. (July 23, 2022). The Rokel River originates in the Loma The West African country of Sierra Leone occupies an area of 71,740 sq. This is a list of rivers in Sierra Leone. Freetown and Pepel are the two ports located on the shores of the estuary. The mean annual temperature is 26.6C - 103.146.177.212. It is also reported that its orogeny belongs to the Pan African thermo-tectonic age of about 550 Ma. climate; temperatures stay fairly constant throughout the year. Rainfall is greatest along the coast, especially in the Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00184576, Sayer JA, Harcourt CS, Collins NM (1992) The conservation atlas of tropical forests: Africa. Some of the major ones like Rokel River, Taia River, Moa River, and Sewa River have been marked on the map. estuaries whose river channels, like that of the Sierra Leone River, continental shelf of Sierra Leone are given in Table 1. List of rivers of Sierra Leone - Simple English Wikipedia, the free The Debate on a Motion for the Abolition of the Slave Trade, &c. British Parliament, House of Commons, 1792. The country owns several oceanic islands as well. By The Rev. Mangrove swamps and the mud flats are the dominant ecosystem (accounting for 19% of the mangrove forest in the country)[1] noted around the river's ria. Water Action Hub | Country: Sierra Leone The Rokel/Seli River descends from the Guinea highlands and drains westward through Sierra Leone into the Atlantic Ocean. known as the Grain Coast, which borders Liberia. Mission Work in Sierra Leone, West Africa. topography of the coastal sector of Sierra Leone is shown in Figure 1. IRD editions, publications SCientifique du Museum, MRAC, Paris. The Presented to both Houses of Parliament by command of Her Majesty, July 1899. Endemism extends to the generic level with 5 regional endemic genera including two and possible a third amongst the recently disaggregated tilapiine group. the continental shelf unshaded. 71,740 square kilometers (27,699 square miles), Highest point on mainland: Pap. Sierra Leone River, river, an estuary on the Atlantic, in western Sierra Leone. Journal of a Voyage from Plymouth to Sierra Leone, ed. Scanned by Google. Scanned by Google. Scanned by Google. A Letter to William Wilberforce, Esq., M.P., Vice President of the African Institution, &c. &c. &c. containing remarks on the reports of the Sierra Leone Company and African Institution: with hints respecting means by which an universal abolition of the slave trade might be carried into effect. Bioscience 58:403414. [10] The estuary, which extends over an area of 2,950 square kilometres (1,140sqmi), was listed as Ramsar site of wetland importance in 1999. Scanned by Google. 480 g cal cm-2 day -1 and 69 g cal cm-2 day -1 for the dry and wet season, respectively. Sierra Leone Maps & Facts - World Atlas Institute pour Recherche pour la Devloppment, Paris, p 521, Loiselle PV (1979) A revision of the genus Hemichromis Peters 1858 (Teleostei: Cichlidae). Examines the Hut Tax and resulting conflict. Written by Sen Farren, and published in 2011 by the Sierra Leone Irish Partnership. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, Ganda GP (1987) The relationship of the reproductive cycle of selected fish species to the hydrological changes of the river Taia in Sierra Leone. This represents 16.4% of the annual exploitable surface runoff from rivers. There is a research gap on the growth or wellbeing of tilapia fish species in Sierra. season. rise to deposits of lignite. With a land area of 27,699 square miles (71,740 square kilometers), it is slightly smaller than the state of South Carolina. 370 kilometers (200 nautical miles). Understanding is probably now sufficient to allow a proper assessment of the conservation status of these previously poorly known species to be carried out. ICLARM Conference Proceedings, ICLARM, Manilla, p 426, Real R (1999) Tables of significant values of Jaccard's index of similarity. In Sierra Leone, mangrove swamp areas are inundated by saline tidal water twice daily from the ocean through the Great and Little Scarcies rivers up to 32 miles inland. Sierra Leone Web - Sierra Leone Books This indicates that the fish communities in the rivers of the Upper Guinean region are not so dependent on the equatorial forests that covered most, but not the entire region, but rather some other factor. Gland, IUCN; Nairobi, UNEP; Cambridge, WCMC. Sierra Leone - Plant and animal life | Britannica Republic of Sierra Leone, Area: Scanned by Google. Gallinas and Sulima Rivers and the currents of these two rivers have formed a sand The At its entrance Sherbro River is about 32 km wide between During the rainy season, the discharge of Rokel, Scarcies and Sulima Rivers estuarize . Monographiae Biologicae, vol 64. [3] The area is mainly mangrove swamps but also includes tidal freshwater swamp forests.[4]. By Granville Sharp, 1788. During the rainy season it is risky for the canoe fishermen The lake and fish: feeding habits. dark grey muddy silts and sandy muds. Nature (London) 192:7880. 2015. Checklist of freshwater fishes of Africa Vol 3, MRAC, Tervuren ORSTOM, Paris: pp 273, Daget J, Gosse JP, Thys van den Audenaerd DFE (1991) CLOFFA 4. It holds the major ports of Queen Elizabeth II Quay and Pepel. From the time of their arrival on the shores of Sierra Leone in 1460, and until their gradual decline as leaders in world exploration in the sixteenth century, the Portuguese had an ambiguous relationship with their African trading partners. Scanned by Google. Smithiana Bulletin 12:2538, Payne AI, McCarton B, Ganda G (1989) Final Report. The eight species of palaearctic migrant waders recorded are:[1], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}833N 1248W / 8.55N 12.80W / 8.55; -12.80. Sierra Leone has no territories or dependencies. Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. An Essay on Colonization, particularly applied to the Western Coast of Africa, with some free thoughts on cultivation and commerce; also brief descriptions of the colonies already formed, or attempted, in Africa, including those of Sierra Leona and Bulama. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The role of alternating wet and dry periods during the early Quarternary is emphasized as well as the importance of mountains as dispersal barriers in explaining river faunal similarities within biogeographical regions. Mean monthly temperatures Fig. Centr. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. The avifauna in the area consists of 10,000 birds of 36 species (1995 record). Scanned by Google. The Critical Review, Or, Annals of Literature, Volume 65. By Tristan Reed and James A. Robinson, 2013. (accessed April 10, 2003). The Colonial Controversy, containing a refutation of the calumnies of the Anticolonists; the state of Hayti, Sierra Leoneand the state of free and slave labourers in those countries. The Great Scarcies forms part of the about 608 meters (2,000 feet). The ecology, distribution and diversity of fish species in Sierra Leone narrower in the southern part of the coast. This river is tidal and during the rainy season it rises about 2.7 m. Sierra Leone River: Sierra Leone River is merely an arm of the sea receiving waters of several tributaries: Kumrabe Creek (7.2 km north-eastward of Tagrin Point), and Bunce River (4.8 km south of Tagrin Point). Scanned by Google. Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. The coast is very irregular, forming many bays, inlets, and peninsulas. Characterization of the mangrove swamp rice soils along the Great Written by British Lieutenant John Matthews about his experiences in Sierra Leone in 1785, 1786 and 1787. Shenge Point (in the North) and Cape Saint Ann (in the South). By Thomas Coke, LL.D., General Superintendent of the Missions, 1812. July, August and September. Geophysical monograph, no. Scanned by Google. Preliminary work was carried out, The authors present an up-to-date check-lis1 of the freshwater fishes of the coastal basins of Sierra Leone and Liberia. GlobalGeografia.com Checklist of freshwater fishes of Africa Vol 4, MRAC, Tervuren ORSTOM, Paris: pp 740, Dorward DC, Payne AI (1975) Deforestation, the decline of the horse and the spread of tsetse fly and trypanosomiasis (ngaana) in nineteenth century Sierra Leone. MRAG Ltd, London, p 77, Payne AI, McCarton B (1985) Estimation of population parameters and their application to the development of fishery management models in two African rivers. to cross the channel. By C.B. 2. The great majority of southern Africas water resources are riverine. It is the largest natural harbour in the African continent. By William Latimer Neville, 1858. The climate is characterized by two distinct seasons: the dry season Most of the rivers of Sierra Leone drain into the Atlantic Ocean; a few, harmattan The Substance of the Report Delivered by the Court of Directors of the Sierra Leone Company to the General Court of Proprietors, on Thursday the 19th March, 1798. Apart from a mountainous peninsula some 45 km long, the coastal zone is flat with a fringing mangrove swamp extending 30 km inland. 5. Rivers of Sierra Leone: Sierra Leone River, Mano River, Moa River Key Facts. isobath is located at about 15 km from the shoreline. Scanned by Google. Scanned by Google. and behind the trees, marine and freshwater swamps occupy large areas. Sierra Leone Peninsula; a zone of low-lying coastal marshland along the Rokel River - Wikipedia Sierra Leone's varied terrain includes the striking, mountainous Friends' Intelligencer and Journal (Vol. The occurrence of fish species by major river in Sierra Leone was finally put together as a checklist for the country by Paugy et al. J Afr Hist XVI:239256. Checklist of freshwater fishes of Africa Vol 2,: MRAC. Most of the small lakes in Sierra Leone are located in the south. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with HBV infection enrolled between 30 April 2019 and 30 April 2021. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. medium sand. Inland Waters of Southern Africa: An Ecological Perspective pp 6581Cite as, Part of the Monographiae Biologicae book series (MOBI,volume 64). reflects a seaward advance of the shoreline (progradation) which begins with laminated One of the important factors influencing the productivity of Sierra Leone waters and http://www.globalgeografia.com/africa_eng/sierra_leone.htm season. The Little Scarcies (Kaba River) has a large mud bank at its Scanned by Google. Scanned by Google. About 21 km above Tagrin point, Sierra Leone River Bull. The city of Bonthe is located on this island. Types of rivers and their characteristics | SpringerLink In South Africa, there are substantial groundwater reserves of freshwater, but precise estimates of recharge rates are uncertain, and so, therefore, is the renewable resource value of groundwater. [5] As the estuary widens and joins the Atlantic its width is about 11km (6.8mi). FAO Fish Tech Pap 262:330, Williams MO, Chaytor DEB (1966) The freshwater fishes of the Freetown Peninsula. Guinea Current (GC) which runs along the West African coast from Senegal to the Bight of Ramsar list of wetlands of international importance, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sierra_Leone_River&oldid=986121133, This page was last edited on 29 October 2020, at 22:40. By A.H. Keane, F.R.G.S., 1895. J zool Lond 171:2539, Article Sierra Leone The New Annual Register, or General Repository of History, Politics and Literature for the Year 1794. A History of the Colonization of Africa by Alien Races. Figure 2 Diagramatic representation of present-day distribution of sediments etc. Steam sediment studies were carried out for assessing the mineral concentration of arsenic. Musee Roy. Scanned by Google. Published in 1899. Schlenker, 1861. a depth of 200 m is about 27 500 km2. J Zool (Lond) 167:4195, Welcomme RL (1985) River fisheries. Global Resource Information Database and United Nations. There are several references to Sierra Leone, and three short and partially inaccurate articles on page 622. Njala University College Press, Njala, p 198, Daget J (1950) Poissons deau douce du Sierra Leone. The Sierra Leone River Estuary regularly accommodates important populations of wintering birds of global significance such as Ringed and Kentish Plovers, Sanderlings and Curlew Sandpipers. Sierra Leone. Types of rivers and their characteristics. The surface layer is warm and its temperature is International Peace Academy Occasional Paper Series England Enslaved by Her Own Slave Colonies (from page 12) and The Colony of Sierra Leone Vindicated from the Misrepresentations of Mr. Macqueen of Glasglow (from page 212). Scanned by Google. Longhurst (1958) considers the By F. Harrison Rankin, 1936. Biafra (Nigeria). 3.3 in Chapter 3 summarizes the rainfall of the region. beaches, and spits, cliffs, lagoons, estuaries, mangrove swamps, etc.). part of West Africa. Sierra Leone River, river, an estuary on the Atlantic, in western Sierra Leone. [7] Geologically it is a tectonically controlled basin with formations of Precambrian, Infra-Cambrian and Pleistocene age. PDF THE SIERRA LEONE RIVER ESTUARY - WA BiCC This alluvial gold mining operation has been described as environmentally destructive as forest denudation for the purpose of mining caused extensive erosion of the hills and consequent sedimentation of the river and its tributaries. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. By Sir Harry H. Johnston, K.C.B., 1899. the hydrographic conditions. From page 927 copies of treaties ceding various Sierra Leonean territory and islands to Britain. Tutorial Press, Harare, p 388, Thys van den Audenaerd DFE (1967) Op expeditie doorheen West African voor studie van de tilapia-vissen. prevailing winds from the southwest monsoon characterize the rainy Article on Sierra Leone starts on page 238, 1788. Sherbro River has strong tidal streams at Sherbro entrance with a rate of 4 kn at half Scanned by Google. PDF 5. Types of rivers and their characteristics - Springer This list may not reflect recent changes . Unable to display preview. the distribution and constituents of benthic fauna. Five species of small pelagic fishes in the new Volta Lake in Ghana showed a die periodicity in catches, and were strongly attracted to light, suggesting a diel vertical movement occurs so that the fish can exploit a feeding ground at its richest moments, and at times when they are least conspicuous to predators. The provinces are Eastern, Northern, North Western, and Southern. April, with a wet season occurring during the rest of the year. Springer, Dordrecht. Some shifting openings in this barrier allow water from the Gallinas and Sulima to reach Great Scarcies River (Kolent River) Little Scarcies River (Kaba River) Mabole River; Mongo River; Lolo River; Sierra Leone River.