ConLanging Resources - Google Docs The environment (the z part) can contain variables, like V above. u/o/_# This means that s is deleted when it ends a word. orthographic Portuguese, simply to make for an easy example. with the original word in brackets (suitable for using as the basis of a lexicon with etymologies): As with all commands in the command prompt, hit Enter. If sounds says your file could not be read in and you're sure You could write extra rules to handle the digraphs; but it's often more convenient SCA - sound change applier - help - Zompist.com Some features are: - it can run sound changes backward, reconstructing earlier forms of words, as well as forwards (which as far as I know no other sound change applier does); - it is fairly general in terms of the sound changes expressible; - it can understand X-SAMPA and (largely) CXS. Hi everyone, so I've been raising these questions on the various conlang discord channels, and in the Small Discussions area, but not getting consistent /any responses, which is why I'm posting it here.. 1 / 0. For instance, you may wonder whether the .lex file should be as input for the next round of changes). GitHub - alray2569/SoundChange: A sound change applier, for historical The World Atlas of Language Structures, WALS, is a database of structural (phonological, grammatical, lexical) properties of languages gathered from descriptive materials. consonants, meta and meda It is also possible just to browse through the Universals Archive. Rewrite rules: Eventually, other rules you discover are going to intersect and sometimes abrogate another law. That can be all there is, as in Vowels next to nasal consonants very often become nasal themselves. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. Jamie Norrish wrote: >Henrik Theiling writes: > >[Global and local boolean flags] > > In the way you can mark for dialects, my script allows . Gen. can help with categories. The infinitive "poder" (can) is usually pronounced /pode/, but as a noun, "poder" (power) is pronounced /poder/, even colloquially. Changes since the old SCA, and the newest features: intermediate results and file uploading/downloading. Click this to save your output lexicon as a text file. Velarization is a secondary articulation of a consonant where the back of the tongue is raised towards the velum. Two different questions only mildly related = too broad. I use capital letters By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. Nothing, because the words can be differentiated by context; so they will become homophones. is a .lex or .sc file is really a Notepad (.txt) file. (1999), which I would recommend to anyone interested in the subject. Variables can only be one character long. Don't feel limited to delete all /e/ after a consonant. erickcan/sound-change-applier - Github the executables, pick Save Target As, and save them to your disk. Fiat Lingua is a journal run by the LCS; all articles therein are produced by real-life conlangers and available online in .pdf format. conventional spellings, but I could just as easily have used This would help us realize that we really need a sound change For me, there is a peculiar, intense pleasure in creating a daughter language with a particular feel to it, merely by altering the set of The comparison is very simple-minded; in particular it cant keep track of added or deleted lines in the lexicon. fam(i)ly, mem(o)ry [medial vowels deleted]; 'populu > people [unstressed vowels other than 'a' deleted in Latin if greater than 2 syllables], deletion of initial sound (mostly vowels), apoteca (Latin) > bodega (Spanish) 'warehouse', skola (Latin) > eskola (Old French) 'school', insertion of consonant between consonants, husped > huspede (some Spanish dialects) 'guest', vowel lengthens to fill space from deletion, *ton > to: > tu (English evolution) 'tooth', /s/ or /z/ goes to /r/ usually between vowels or glides, *hauzjan > ho:ren > hieran (English evolution) 'hear', sounds change positions (sometimes sporatically), prbbli > prbli 'probably' (some English dialects), (term for dipthongization used in Germanic linguistics) *kald > ceald (Old English) 'cold', common changes are devoicing of stops or obstruents but sonorants or final vowels can also devoice, lupu > lobo 'wolf'; vi:ta > vida 'life" (Spanish evolution); can affect just stops, just fricatives, or all obstruents for example, nasals agree in place with following sound, velar or alveolar to palato-alveolar before/after /i/ or /j/ or before front vowels, consonants are palatalized upon a condition, susi > susji > susj (some Finnish dialects) 'wolf', auru- > oro (Latin to Spanish) 'gold'; some English dialects before /r/ like fa:r 'fire', ta:r 'tire', low or mid vowels raise to mid or high vowels, long or tense or word-final vowels frequently rise, high or mid vowels lowering to mid or low, vowels vowels frequently lower before uvular or pharyngeal consonants or a low vowel in the next syllable; nasalized vowels often lower, nasalization of vowel before a nasal consonant, bon > bn > b (French) 'good'; common for nasalization to be followed by deletion of the nasal, single consonant changes to a doubled consonant, some Finnish dialects change VCV: to VCCV: as in pakoon > pakkoon 'into flight', sequence of two identical consonants is reduced to a single consonant, pekkatu- > pekado (Latin to Spanish) 'sin, misfortune', consonant (usually a stop or fricative) becomes an affricate, rapra > rara (Cuzco Quechua syllable-final stops) 'leaf, wing', in Mayan, vowels are lengthened before a consonant cluster which begins with a sonorant (l, r, m, n): kenq' > ke:nq', common word-finally, before consonant clusters, when unstressed; long vowels also often merge with short vowels. A few days ago I started work on an online sound change applier, similar to Mark Rosenfelder's SCA2. I use capital letters for this, though this is not a requirement. If you don't like that progression, try another one. have the Notepad icon, and if you double-click it Windows will ask what app to open nothing about phonetics, so you have to remember to Save Sound Changes. A few days ago I started work on an online sound change applier, similar to Mark Rosenfelder's SCA2. Effect of a "bad grade" in grad school applications, Canadian of Polish descent travel to Poland with Canadian passport. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. conlanging GitHub Topics GitHub Reviewing 3 Sound Change Appliers for Conlang Phonological - YouTube The Sound Change Applier 2 is an updated version of my C program which applies a set of sound changes to a lexicon. you could define S to be any stop, or K for any coronal, or whatever. Report which rules apply prints a report in the Output section listing every time a rule applies, like this: Rewrite on output controls whether the rewrite rules should be reversed when writing the output lexicon. Cookie Notice $ . Turkish, where all of the vowels in a word have to harmonize (for the most part) so that affixes have several different forms (for example, the genitive suffix is [in] after front unrounded vowels, [n] after back unrounded vowels, [yn] after front rounded vowels, and [un] after back rounded vowels). A WikiProject that aims to create and improve articles about conlangs. A few examples are intervocalic flapping in many English dialects (/btr/ [b]) and the pronunciation of /b, d, g/ as fricatives or approximants, roughly [, , ], in most contexts in Spanish. For instance. Save Input Words. The latest version is here! Note that if you hit Apply without making any changes, all the bolding is removed (since in fact nothing changed between runs). Wikitongues is a collection of videos of spoken natural languages, both well- and not-so-well-known languages. Back to .sc will collect the text in the input boxes and place them in Sound Changes. sound-changes conlanging historical-conlanging Updated Jun 6, 2017; Haskell; SCA - Sound Change Applier. to each word: To help with this, some conlangers have written computer programs called Sound change appliers that automate much of this work for you. Conlang/Intermediate/History/Common sound changes, Last edited on 27 December 2021, at 19:37, https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Conlang/Intermediate/History/Common_sound_changes&oldid=4019626. (There are some general rules that determine what this actually means, although it can vary between languages). Alex Monophthongization is the simplification of a diphthong (or triphthong) down to a single vowel. The z part must always contain The environment can contain variables, like V above. Conlang.org, LCS, is a site for conlangers, would-be conlangers, those interested in or curious about conlangs and anything else to do with conlanging. This option is good for applying a permanent lexical transformation to a list of words. I was pretty thorough with my sound changes, but it did catch a few legitimate errors on my part. Now you can run sounds as described above. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. You can examine the history of any Apply applies the sound changes to the input lexicon, generating the output lexicon. TriSCA - a new web-based sound change applier. The information is well-sourced and edited by knowledgeable linguist from all over the world. Are words based on acronyms treated differently when the language changes over time? This occurs when features of a given phoneme are influenced by the phonemes around it. Lexurgy's design philosophy sets it apart from other sound change appliers: Embrace revision. In my example I used The 2014 edition includes 2155 inventories that contain 2160 segment types found in 1672 distinct languages., The World Phonotactics Database is a searchable database containing information about phonotactic restrictions of languages of the world. It suggests further reading for those who want to know more and shortcuts for those who want to know less. E.g., if a language had a sound change >that merged, say, /dZ/ and /Z/, how would it decide which one to >reconstruct? You might find that two or three daughter lineages kind of align in certain ways. Once you have that, you can start trying to change the phonology of the proto-language into this child draft by selecting sound changes and adding them to a list. dont use kh both for IPA /x/ and for the cluster /k h/. The extensions should be left off. insufficient vowel reduction) another 35% of the time. Conlang: Reversible sound change applier (Alex Fink, May 10 '06, 7:37) when it's followed by one or two consonants and then a front vowel. Re: Reversible sound change applier. Are you sure you want to create this branch? To do this, it applies some simple rules: If you dont want the input lexicon to go in your file, uncheck Files include input lexicon. Kind of a simplistic exercise, but it's a good method to start. (For instance, the orthography may only apply to the parent language.) Some of the most common general processes are: Lenition, probably one of the most common sound changes, in which a "softer" sound becomes a "louder" sound. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. Curate this topic Add this topic to your repo . There are a lot of real world examples of these specific rules if you want your language to be as realistic as possible! -p tells sounds to print out which rules apply E.g. A command-line sound change applier written in Python. Show intermediate results and Intermediate results only allow you to apply only a partial set of sound changes. Mark Rosenfelder, 2012. (Note that this is the first character shown in the IPA display.). Hit the Help button for more. What should I follow, if two altimeters show different altitudes? This page is not available in other languages. To see the intermediate results, check Show intermediate results. It usually refers to consonants becoming voiced and moving down the type of articulation table closer to being a semivowel. Constructed Languages Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for designers and users of artificial or invented languages, consciously developed instead of having developed naturally. (Spaces between >, ->, => and / are insignificant.). Latin did this, so that original flos and honos became flor and honor, to match their genitives floris and honoris.