Was it the description of the place that made you wonder what it was like there? Richard Hakluyt, (born c. 1552, London?died November 23, 1616, England), English geographer noted for his political influence, his voluminous writings, and his persistent promotion of Elizabethan overseas expansion, especially the colonization of North America. Hugo Grotius, Richard Hakluyt (trans. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. [14] A number of his manuscripts, sufficient to form a fourth volume of his collections of 15981600, fell into the hands of Samuel Purchas, who inserted them in an abridged form in his Pilgrimes (16251626). Missions became the engine of colonization in North America. That this voyage will be a great bridle to the Indies of the king of Spaine and a means that we may arrest at our pleasure for the space of time weeks or three months every year, one or two hundred sail of his subjects shipped at the fishing in Newfoundland. Richard Hakluyt used this document to persuade Queen Elizabeth I to devote more money and energy into encouraging English colonization. Richard Hakluyt was probably born in London, England, in 1553. . In spirit, it was a continuation of Hakluyts own work, and the two editors probably became acquainted. Create an account to start this course today. Historians generally recognize three motives for European exploration and colonization in the New World: God, gold, and glory. He presented his Discourse of Western Planting to Queen Elizabeth I in manuscript, but it was not actually printed until almost three hundred years later. Because of these connections, and his own expertise in overseas trade and economics, the man was well placed to assist young Richard in his life work. That the Spaniards have executed most outrageous and more than Turkish cruelties in all the west Indies, whereby they are everywhere there, become most odious unto them, who would join with us or any other most willingly to shake of their most intolerable yoke, and have begun to do it already in diverse places where they were Lords heretofore. Purchas procured some of Hakluyts manuscripts after his death and used them in Haklvytvs Posthumus; or, Pvrchas His Pilgrimes of 1625. England was in an economic depression and was nervous about the growing power of Spain obtaining vast amounts of wealth from their spoils of the New World. In twenty-one chapters, summarized here, Hakluyt emphasized the many benefits that England would receive by creating colonies in the Americas. He thus embarked upon his career as a publicist and a counsellor for present and future national enterprises across the ocean. His policy, constantly expounded, was the exploration of temperate North America in conjunction with the search for the Northwest Passage, the establishment of Englands claim to possession based on the discovery of North America by John and Sebastian Cabot, and the foundation of a plantation to foster national trade and national well-being. In addition, the indigenous people, including Indians, are mere tools that serve the interests of the English people. He was the first to show "both the old imperfectly composed and the new lately reformed mappes, globes, spheares, and other instruments of this art. "[11] Entering Christ Church, Oxford,[12] in 1570 with financial support from the Skinners' Company,[10] "his exercises of duty first performed,"[11] he set out to read all the printed or written voyages and discoveries that he could find. Reasons for Colonization 1. Hakluyt also encouraged the production of geographical and historical writings by others. As Hakluyt points out, the desire for peace, change, stability, and economic wellness of England is the driving force for robust territorial possession. What special means may bring kinge Phillippe from his high Throne, and make him equal to the Princes his neighbours, wherewithal is showed his weakness in the west Indies. Besides, the occupation of key ports will enhance commercial activities since England will charge duties and control high-traffic regions. Between 1598 and 1600 appeared the final, reconstructed and greatly enlarged edition of The Principal Navigations, Voiages, Traffiques and Discoueries of the English Nation in three volumes. Richard Hakluyt (/hklt, hklt, hklwt/;[1] 1553 23 November 1616) was an English writer. According to Hakluyt, colonization will enable England to expand its markets to the New World. Corrections? Frobisher's First Voyage - CBC Richard Hakluyt Richard Hakluyt was born in England in the mid-sixteenth century (1552-1616). He argues that the expansion will not just provide England with peace. Hakluyts reflects on the importance of planting seeds of faith in the hearts of American natives as a means of colonizing them. In twenty-one chapters, summarized here, Hakluyt emphasized the many benefits that England would receive by creating colonies in the Americas. From an early age, he was fascinated by geography and the prospect of the colonization of America. In Mare Liberum, Grotius denied that the 1493 donation by Pope Alexander VI that had divided the oceans between Spain and Portugal entitled Spain to make territorial claims to North America. "English Colonization of America in Hakluyt's View." It is evident that religion can be used to colonize the native people by championing the ideals of peace and God while exploiting resources at the same time. That the mischiefs that the Indian Treasure wrought in time of Charles the late Emperor father to the Spanish king, is to be had in consideracion of the Queens most excellent Majesty, least the continually coming of the like treasure from thence to his son, work the unrecoverable annoyance of this Realm, whereof already we have had very dangerous experience. by, Hakluyt's dedication to Sir Francis Walsingham of the work, There does not appear to be any monument to Hakluyt either in, The Galileo Project errs in identifying Hakluyt's first publication as, At Hakluyt's recommendation, the work was translated into English by, According to Jones's introduction to Hakluyt's, David Harris Sacks, "Richard Hakluyt's Navigations in Time: History, Epic, and Empire,", The exact date of the translation is unknown; all that can be said is that it must have been prepared between the publication of Grotius' book in 1609 and Hakluyt's death in 1616: see David Armitage, "Introduction", in. Richard Hakluyt was one of the first to write about the exploration of the Americas in English. A Briefe declaration of the chief Islands in the Bay of Mexico being under the king of Spain, with their havens and forts, and what commodities they yeide. All rights reserved. He made a point of becoming acquainted with the most important sea captains, merchants, and sailors of England. . with the order thereof and other reasons therewithal alleged. degree in 1577. Besides, he believes that colonization should entail friendship or familiarity. That the passage in this voyage is easy and short, that it cutteth not near the trade of any other mighty Princes, nor near their Countries, that it is to be performed at all tymes of the year, and needeth but one kind of wind, that Ireland being full of good heavens on the south and west sides, is the nearest part of Europe to it, which by this trade shall be in more security, and the sooner drawn to more Civility. [10] In May 1585 when Hakluyt was in Paris with the English Embassy, the Queen granted to him the next prebendary at Bristol Cathedral that should become vacant,[5][15] to which he was admitted in 1585 or 1586 and held with other preferments till his death. He carefully explores economic concerns . I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. He died in 1557 when his son was aged about five years, and his wife Margery[1] followed soon after. This period included also the voyages of Christopher Columbus that opened the way for discovery and brought the 'Old' and 'New' Worlds into contact with each other. According to Hakluyt, Spain has transformed into the other enemy that must be defeated in the process of creating the New World. The year was 1591 or 1592. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. The pension would have lapsed in 1583, but William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley, intervened to have it extended until 1586 to aid Hakluyt's geographical research.[10]. The Discourse, a secret report, was not printed until 1877. Richard Hakluyt presented the work privately to the queen in 1584. Cabot voyages at the end of the 15th-century mark, the beginning of the English crown's interest in overseas discoveries. Have you ever read travel books that made you want to explore a brand new place or even go to another planet? Richard Hakluyt, (born c. 1552, London?died November 23, 1616, England), English geographer noted for his political influence, his voluminous writings, and his persistent promotion of Elizabethan overseas expansion, especially the colonization of North America. He regards the native people as resources which England can use to serve her self-interest. . [32], The Hakluyt Society was founded in 1846 for printing rare and unpublished accounts of voyages and travels, and continues to publish volumes each year. Hakluyt's other works synthesized information providing maps and documents that allowed for many others to obtain vital information. The burial register merely states that Hakluyt was buried "in the Abbey" without giving an exact location, and there is no monument or gravestone: personal e-mail communication on 10 May 2007 with Miss Christine Reynolds, Assistant Keeper of Muniments, Westminster Abbey Library. As such, his version of colonization simply includes settling on the shores of a selected nation and exploiting any resources required by England. Hakluyt gave public lectureshe is regarded as the first professor of modern geography at Oxfordand was the first to display. Hakluyt was educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford. Richard Hakluyt, A Discourse Concerning Western Planting, Written in the Year 1584, Charles Deane, ed. His interest in geography and travel had been aroused on a visit to the Middle Temple, one of the four English legal societies, while in his early teens. Richard Hakluyt: Biography & Significance | Study.com The first fruits of Hakluyt's labours in Paris were embodied in his important work entitled A Particuler Discourse Concerninge the Greate Necessitie and Manifolde Commodyties That Are Like to Growe to This Realme of Englande by the Westerne Discoueries Lately Attempted, Written in the Yere 1584, which Sir Walter Raleigh commissioned him to prepare. [5] His last publication was a translation of Hernando de Soto's discoveries in Florida, entitled Virginia Richly Valued, by the Description of the Maine Land of Florida, Her Next Neighbour (1609). In the licence of Hakluyt's second marriage dated 30 March 1604, he is described as one of the chaplains of the Savoy Hospital; this position was also conferred on him by Cecil. (2021, April 8). IvyPanda. Hakluyt interested himself in the publication of the manuscript journal of Ren Goulaine de Laudonnire, L'histoire notable de la Floride situe s Indes Occidentales in Paris in 1586. Without his urging, the English might have been content to rest in their foggy off-shore island while the Spaniards and Portuguese divided the world between them. Cecil, who was the principal Secretary of State to Elizabeth I and James I, rewarded him by installing him as prebendary of the Dean and Chapter of Westminster on 4 May 1602. Among them were Humphrey Gilbert, an explorer and businessman; Gilbert's half-brother, Walter Raleigh (1552-1618); and writer and geographer Richard Hakluyt (1552-1616). A prominent English attorney and his younger cousin, both named Richard Hakluyt, urged the English government to begin settlements in lands claimed nearly a century earlier by John and Sebastian Cabot who explored North America for King Henry VII of England. Records also show that a Thomas Hakeluytt was in the wardship of Henry VIII (reigned 15091547) and Edward VI (reigned 15471553). 3. Readers loved these accounts, and Hakluyt's work helped to promote interest in England's colonization, or settlement, of North America. What does the evidence from the text suggest about Hakluyts conception of race? In a number of popular pamphlets they made the . Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. This is IvyPanda's free database of academic paper samples. Richard Hakluyt was not an explorer nor a colonizer. He dedicated much of his career to convincing his contemporaries about the necessity of England establishing its own colonies. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Richard Hakluyt, Hakluyt, Richard BORN: 1552 . and M.A. (Cambridge: 1877), 1-5. Richard Hakluyt, frequently referred to as Richard Hakluyt the Younger to differentiate him from his older cousin who was also named Richard Hakluyt, was a 16th-century English geographer and minister. He held this position until his death, and resided in Wetheringsett through the 1590s and frequently thereafter. His interests in languages and geography encouraged him to write books on travel where he drew inspiration from the logbooks, documents and oral histories of travelers from around the world. manuscript Seld. (Cambridge: 1877), 1-5. We will write a custom Essay on English Colonization of America in Hakluyt's View specifically for you. 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Bush on the Post-9/11 World (2002), Pedro Lopez on His Mothers Deportation (2008/2015), Chelsea Manning Petitions for a Pardon (2013), Emily Doe (Chanel Miller), Victim Impact Statement (2015). IvyPanda. Hakluyt's Voyages brought him to the notice of Lord Howard of Effingham, and Sir Edward Stafford, Lord Howard's brother-in-law. Richard Hakluyt, Reasons For Colonization, 1585 - ETTC. He died on November 23, 1616. In twenty-one chapters, summarized here, Hakluyt emphasized the many benefits that England would receive by creating colonies in the Americas. George Bruner Parks has theorized that publication at that time would have been inconvenient to England because after England had successfully helped Holland and Spain to negotiate the Twelve Years' Truce during the Eighty Years' War, the work would have supported English claims for free seas against Spain, but not its claims for closed seas against Holland. The increase of the force of the Christians. His were language and geography. While at one point he petitioned for and received a grant to travel to America he did not, in the . 2. Colliding Cultures | THE AMERICAN YAWP But it is the Voyages that remains his memorial. Discourse of Western Planting | Encyclopedia.com Omissions? All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. His only concern is the occupation of land for military and economic purposes because it would involve violent means. In 1584 he wrote the promotional piece known as Discourse of Western Planting to urge a reluctant Queen Elizabeth I to support English colonies and to convince rich businessmen to invest in them. What type of colonization does Hakluyt imagine occurring? 21 chapters | [14], Hakluyt died on 23 November 1616, probably in London, and was buried on 26 November in Westminster Abbey;[5][27] by an error in the abbey register his burial is recorded under the year 1626. That this enterprise will be for the manifold employment of numbers of idle men, and for breeding of many sufficient, and for utterance of the great quantity of the commodities of our Realm. Means to keep this enterprise from overthrow and the enterprisers from shame and dishonor. Unfortunately, his wealth was squandered by his only son. The increase of the force of the Christians. Religious motivations can be traced all the way back to the Crusades, the series of religious wars between the 11th and 15th centuries during which European Christians sought to claim Jerusalem as an exclusively Christian space. Both nations appear to be in stiff competition for resources found in native America. Primary Source: Richard Hakluyt Makes the Case for English Colonization This can be interpreted to mean understanding the weaknesses and strengths of the colonized. Primary Source: Richard Hakluyt Makes the Case for English Colonization In twenty-one chapters, summarized here, Hakluyt emphasized the many benefits that England would receive by creating colonies in the Americas. Your privacy is extremely important to us. pp. He was the chief promoter of a petition to James I for letters patent to colonize Virginia, which were granted to the London Company and Plymouth Company (referred to collectively as the Virginia Company) in 1606. While in France he was able to expand his knowledge of foreign places which inspired him to write and publish books on the subject to encourage colonization. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. April 8, 2021. https://ivypanda.com/essays/english-colonization-of-america-in-hakluyts-view/.